Whiplash is usually caused by motor vehicle accidents, most commonly what is called a "rear-ender". In this situation, the neck is suddenly and forcibly extended by the force of the accident. There may also be a secondary flexion force - the "rebound effect". These movements will typically be beyond the normal range of movement of the neck, and thus may cause damage to bones, joints, soft tissues and nerves.
Some sporting injuries or forceful incidents involving the neck may also have the same effect, and create similar symptoms.
Following a whiplash injury, a number of symptoms may arise. These are often termed "Whiplash Associated Disorders" or WAD. More info...
Generally, following a whiplash injury, symptoms will not arise until 48 - 72 hours following the incident. Symptoms may include:
- neck
- upper back or shoulder blade pain
- pins and needles or numbness
- headache
- a heavy head
- arm pain or weakness
- nausea
As time progresses, depression may arise.
Investigations such as x-ray, CT (computerised tomography) or MRI may be performed, which will often come up "normal". This does not necessarily mean that there is no problem - these forms of investigation have been found on occasion to be unable to detect certain things.
All whiplash patients should be fully assessed for neck mobility, strength, and neural function, and be treated for any deficits found. |
